Monday, February 20, 2012

Texting Does Pose a Threat to our Language


Bryana Malloy
ENGL 102-045
Causal Argument
21 February 2012
Texting Does Pose a Threat to our Language
            For this blog entry, I chose to write about the article “Texting: A Boon, Not A Threat, To Language” by Kristina Mialki. In this article, Mialki makes an argument that texting will not destroy the English language, but rather keep it alive. She makes two points that support this statement. One point states that texting encourages reading and writing. The second point states that texting encourages the creative use of the language. Also included in this article is a study that found “the more children texted, the better they did on reading, writing, spelling, and vocabulary tests” (364).
            I completely disagree with this article. I believe that texting does indeed threaten our language. While texting, most use shortened versions of words or phrases that make it easier to text. If people use these shortened words and phrases more than they use the actual word, their instincts will be to write out the word that they use more often—the shortened word. Let’s say for example someone needs to write out a word. Since the shortened version of the word is used so much while texting, they are uncertain of how to spell the full word correctly. This has happened to me many times, as well as to most of my friends. Texting does not allow people to be creative with the language, but it is just a quick and easy way to write a message. More studies will need to be conducted that accurately prove that texting does or does not destroy the English language. Below, I have created a table for this causal argument.
Causal Argument: Texting is not a threat to our language and grammar.

(1)   Today, people prefer to text, email, or instant message. In these messages, words and phrases are simplified making it easier and quicker to send a message.

(2)  Some people think that texting will ruin our language because of the way we write out and use some words. This article is arguing that the more children text, “the better they did on reading, writing, spelling, and vocabulary tests” (364). By texting, people get to creatively use the language.

Cause & Effect Relationships:

(1)   Texting is not ruining our language because: By texting, people write and read more, they get to creatively play with the language, and it broadens people’s exposure to the written word.

(2)  The outcome of this is the more children text “the better they did on reading, writing, spelling, and vocabulary tests” (364).

Main & Contributory Causes:

Main Cause: Texting is not a threat to our language and grammar.
Contributory Cause: Continuously using and spelling words wrong without correction can cause one to become less knowledgeable of the language.

Immediate & Remote Causes:

Immediate Cause: Children study for the vocabulary test; that is why they did well on it.
Remote Cause:  If one does not know how to spell a word, they just guess. Now, whenever they need to use that word, they spell it the way they would when texting.

Causal Chains:

Children learn how to spell certain words in school
>They study these words
>They text the rest of the night
>When a vocabulary test is given, they ace the test because they studied for it.

Post Hoc reasoning:

There is no direct connection between children texting and higher scores on spelling, writing, reading, and vocabulary tests. These children are learning certain things for those tests, which have nothing to do with texting. An overall study should be conducted where different age groups are used to determine if texting does pose a threat to the language.

Works Cited

Mialki, Kristina. “Texting: A Boon, Not A Threat, To Language.” Practical Argument: A
Text and Anthology. Ed. Kirszner, Laurie G., and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2011. 24-26. Print.

Wednesday, February 8, 2012

A Stormy Outlook


Bryana Malloy
ENGL 102-045
Response to Essay
4 February 2012
A Stormy Outlook
This past 2011-2012 New England winter season doesn’t really feel like a winter season at all. Usually one drives down the street and observes others plowing, shoveling, or children playing in the snow. That is the normal scene; not this year. This year has been bringing weather that makes most wonder, “where is all the snow?” or more like “why is it this warm?” Our first and only snowstorm was a bit too early to be true, planting almost 2 feet of snow on some parts of Massachusetts on October 28-29. Although we’ve gotten some snow, it nearly isn’t the amount that we should be getting. On top of that, at the end of January, we had multiple days with temperatures as high as 55°. Instead of seeing that pictured winter scene, we’ve been seeing the opposite—people walking around in shorts and T-shirts. What could be the explanation for these wacky weather patterns? Personally, I put the blame on weather modification.
Weather modification, according to Britannica Online Encyclopedia is “the deliberate or the inadvertent alternation of atmospheric conditions by human activity, sufficient to modify the weather on local or regional scales”. Weather modification first began in 1946 and was part of the Schaefer-Langmuir experiments where clouds were seeded. There are many ways to seed a cloud. One way involves flying an aircraft while spraying crushed dry ice pellets into the atmosphere. This procedure hasn’t been too efficient, so another process using silver iodine is more likely to be used. Aircrafts spray a solution into the sky that is silver iodine, dissolved in sodium iodine and acetone. This spray leaves behind a contrail, which is a streak of white in the sky. These contrails don’t disappear right away, but they can stay in the sky for up to 24 hours and eventually form into clouds, ultimately modifying the weather. This is done to control the weather so there are benefits for certain regions, and less damage for others.
Now, I’m not a scientist, but something tells me that altering the weather isn’t going to be done without causing severe side effects. I believe that today, we are just starting to see the beginning side effects caused by weather modification. The natural disasters that have occurred over the past few years around the world could be natural, or in fact, very unnatural. I’m leaning towards unnatural. If we (as in the government) have been experimenting with the weather for years, who is to say that the disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, the Japan earthquake and tsunami, and the Indonesia tsunami aren’t due to weather manipulation?
While we are having an almost snowless winter in Massachusetts, it is quite the opposite in Europe. Over the past few days, Eastern and Central Europe have been in a state of emergency. Blizzards and freezing conditions have left most towns and countries stunned. Earlier in the season, most cities experienced mild temperatures. Now, thousands of people are snowed into their homes with up to 5 meters of snow continuously falling in the past 26 days. Temperatures have reached -30 C (hundreds of towns have reached the lowest recorded temperatures since the beginning of record keeping), and over 200 people have died while up to 1,000 have been treated for frostbite and hypothermia.
Earlier this year, a winter blast hit Alaska and caused trouble just like in Europe.
In the Britannica Online Encyclopedia, it is said “A wide variety of scientific tests and operational weather modification projects have been performed in many countries. The largest programs have been in the United States, the former Soviet Union, Australia, and France”. Is it just a coincidence that the largest weather modification programs have been in the United States and Russia (the former Soviet Union), and those are the places that have been having severe and abnormal weather patterns?
The benefits of weather modification could be great for some, and not so great for others. By modifying the weather, the losses caused by natural weather conditions could be reduced. If there is a drought, rain could be produced. If there is a hurricane, it could become controlled and less severe. The reason changing the weather is so that there is more of a benefit for certain areas. The better the weather in some places, the more of a good can be grown. Let’s use corn as our main focus. Let’s say that in part of the Corn Belt, there hasn’t been enough rain for the corn to grow. By modifying the weather, more rain could be produced, satisfying the need for more rain, allowing the crops to grow sufficiently. This is a benefit for some places, but for other places, who knows what the changes in the weather could bring.
Most scientists are still very unfamiliar with modifying the weather when there are tornadoes and hurricanes. There is still plenty to be studied involving weather modification, and questions have risen on how effective cloud seeding actually is. I believe that weather modification is not acceptable. The earth was made to have certain weather patterns, and if we aren’t as knowledgeable on the subject as we could be, then we shouldn’t be messing around with the natural occurrences. For me, that is just asking for a whole lot of trouble.
Works Cited
"Serbian Villages Stranded after Heavy Snow Storms | World News | The Guardian."
Latest News, Sport and Comment from the Guardian | The Guardian. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/feb/02/serbian-villages-stranded-snowfall>.
"weather modification." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online
Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com.libserv-prd.bridgew.edu/EBchecked/topic/638346/weather-modification>.
Didymus, JohnThomas. "11,000 Serbian Villagers Trapped by Heavy Snow and
Blizzards." Digital Journal: A Global Digital Media Network. Web. 04 Feb. 2012. <http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/318958>.
"BBC News - Europe Freeze Hits Transport Hubs." BBC - Homepage. Web. 04 Feb.
2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16887916>.

Saturday, February 4, 2012

A Stormy Outlook



Bryana Malloy
ENGL 102-045
Response to Essay
4 February 2012
A Stormy Outlook
            The topic that I chose for my first essay in English 102 was originally going to be on the corn industry. Now, after writing the first introduction paragraph, I decided to change my topic. Although I am angered by what’s happening with the corn industry, a new topic has been brought to my interest. Today I was watching The History Channel, and a documentary on “The Black Blizzard” came on. While watching this documentary, it talked about cloud seeding.
Cloud seeding is part of weather manipulation and is said to have been around since 1946. There has been talk that the government has been manipulating the weather without the knowledge of the citizens. Cloud seeding is undergone by jets flying and leaving contrails in the sky. This contrail appears to be a jet stream, but can stay in the sky for up to 24 hours. As time goes on, the contrail starts expanding and eventually turns into a cloud. This is done to control the weather so there are benefits for certain regions, and less damage for others.
This topic really makes me mad. The government should not be controlling the weather so they can make more money. The atmosphere is supposed to run a certain way, and if we alter it, the possibilities could be disastrous. As of now, I’m starting to think that since we’ve been trying to control the weather for years, we’re finally starting to see the side effects. By side effects, I mean the weather that we’ve been seeing for the past few years.
This picture shows the process of how clouds are seeded.
Just to touch upon some huge occurrences that happened in the past few years . . . In 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit land and flooded most of the gulf, affecting up to 15 million people. In 2008, Indonesia had a record tsunami, and in 2011 Japan had a devastating earthquake and tsunami.
Today, New England is experiencing spring like weather in the middle of winter. The first and pretty much only snowstorm in Massachusetts this year happened in the end of October, which was way too early for a storm like that. At the end of January, temperatures in some parts of Massachusetts reached up to 55 °. This was the opposite of what I expected for this winter season after seeing the storm in October. While we’re getting waves of warmth in parts of New England, other countries are getting iced over. Temperatures in some parts of Eastern Europe have reached record lows since the beginning of keeping records. People have been and are still trapped and stranded with no food due to the amounts of snow and freezing temperatures.
So far, I have two paragraphs written for my essay. I have been mostly researching the topic of weather modification and cloud seeding. Most of my research is done, so now I will be writing an argumentative essay against weather modification.



Works Cited
"Hurricane Katrina Frequently Asked Questions from Hurricane Katrina Relief."
Hurricane Katrina Relief - HurricaneKatrinaRelief.com. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. <http://www.hurricanekatrinarelief.com/faqs.html>.
"Serbian Villages Stranded after Heavy Snow Storms | World News | The Guardian."
Latest News, Sport and Comment from the Guardian | The Guardian. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/feb/02/serbian-villages-stranded-snowfall>.
"weather modification." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online
Academic Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com.libserv-prd.bridgew.edu/EBchecked/topic/638346/weather-modification>.